Sorry to but into the thread but I wanted to try to answer the question about Mboma.
Different sports have different regulations, so Laurel Hubbard (a male) had to lower testosterone to below nanomoles per litre for 12 months.
Mboma is female on her birth certificate, but falls under the IAAF (athletics) rules for athletes with a DSD (disorder of sexual development) found here:
www.worldathletics.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg
For these rules to be applicable, she has to have XY chromosomes (see link and copied below)
- Which athletes fall under the DSD regulations?
The DSD regulations only apply to individuals who are:
legally female (or intersex) and
who have one of a certain number of specified DSDs, which mean that they have:
male chromosomes (XY) not female chromosomes (XX)
testes not ovaries
circulating testosterone in the male range (7.7 to 29.4 nmol/L) not the (much lower) female range (0.06 to 1.68 nmol/L); and
the ability to make use of that testosterone circulating within their bodies (i.e., they are ‘androgen-sensitive’).
And therefore if she wanted to compete in certain distances then she has to:
- What do such athletes have to do to be eligible to compete in the female classification?
If they are competing below international level, they do not have to do anything. They can compete without restriction.
If they are competing at international level, in one of the affected events (track races between 400m and one mile in distance), they first have to lower the level of testosterone in their blood down to below 5 nmol/L (because that is the highest level that a healthy woman with ovaries would have) for a period of six months, and maintain it below that level while they continue to compete at international level in such events.
If they want to compete at international level in other events, again they can compete without restriction, i.e., without lowering their testosterone levels.
To lower their testosterone levels in this way, affected athletes can either (a) take a daily oral contraceptive pill; or (b) take a monthly injection of a GnrH agonist; or (c) have their testes surgically removed (a ‘gonadectomy’). It is their choice whether or not to have any treatment, and (if so) which treatment to have. In particular, the IAAF does not insist on surgery. The effects of the other two treatments are reversible if and when the athlete decides to stop treatment.
Depending on your point of view, it is:
unfair to biological women (XX chromosomes) that Mboma can compete at all or
unfair that the IAAF has different rules to other sports which would allow a higher testosterone cut off or
anyone who is legally female should not have to lower testosterone at all (which, now it is possible for people to legally change sex, would effectively signal the end of any female (XX chromosomes) winning medals.