Well, for me the big problems are the hyper-sensory stuff (touch, texture, smell, taste, hot/cold, sight, hearing), and the fact that I absolutely have NO clue about body language or depth-of-friendship. In the standard tests on interpreting emotional states in people, I might as well be guessing randomly. If someone says "Why don't you go ask Fred to tell Jim about the situation with Mel", I'd be totally confused, since I can only think about one person at once, and the names just don't 'stick' at all.
The higher up the spectrum we are, the more we can learn thousands of rules and seem to be coping better, I think. But if the rules change to something we've not seen before, we're utterly clueless as to how to solve it. I've had to learn just about everything from a book, not from common sense.
And even five years ago I wouldn't have had anything like this level of introspection and self-awareness (I'm fairly far into my 40s).
So, what is an ASD? A faulty filing system for information about people, a faulty logical-solving-of-some puzzles, a sensory system that either overloads really quickly or hardly at all, a very overreacting Fear system, and a need to learn everything by rules and intellect. Those are perhaps the main things, and the behaviours perhaps result from us trying to cope with those things. But all of those things can also have a positive side. We can see things you can't, hear things you can't, detect changes you can't, sometimes spot scary people faster than you can, concentrate for longer, achieve greater accuracy. It's not all bad.
I read a great blog the other day. It said heaven help the children who are heavily trained in nothing but social skills with a view to them getting some menial low-paid job somewhere so they can 'fit in' to society, rather than someone looking for any skills they have that would allow them to specialise, to be fantastic in a particular field of work. If Einstein had gone through a modern school system, I do wonder if he'd have ended up on the checkouts at the local hypermarket rather than solving the puzzles of the universe. If Leonardo da Vinci had gone through a local comprehensive, would he have ended up being a painter and decorator's apprentice, applying a coat of magnolia to office blocks?
We can concentrate too much on 'what people with an ASD can't do', and spend all our time making them into what society wants them to be (a socially graceful individual) and forget to even consider that there are often (not always) abilities in there that are worth developng, nurturing, building upon.