Hi, I'm a rescuer so perhaps I can answer some of your questions - and many will be are answered in a thread I wrote last night, here.
For a start, you're absolutely right - unless the establishment's practices are exceptional no ordinary family should adopt from a pound. The risks to both dog and family are too great. However that's not to say that you shouldn't adopt from a rescue, providing that rescue insists upon all of the safeguards and support which I mention in my link. There's a HUGE difference between a pound and a decent rescue.
Next, free ads/shop window/local paper etc... NO! Again, take a look at my link and see some real life examples of why and how you could put yourself and the dog in great danger by buying from there. Added to this is the fact that this is the way many, many puppy farmers advertise and also the way in which NO reputable breeder would EVER advertise.
A reputable breeder won't have to - they will have lists of people waiting for one of their pups and a reserve list before the bitch is even mated. A breeder of any standing will breed very rarely, only when they wish to keep a pup and only with a carefully selected dog. Beware the folk who tell you that both parents can be seen - often that's because the dog selected is conveniently nearby/their own and not because he's been chosen to improve the breed lines. Something I learned only recently is that some breeders will have sperm imported from the US in order to acquire the best father for their bitch's puppies and strengthen breed lines.
If you buy from the Gumtree/epupz/Pets At Home type of advertiser at best all you are doing is encouraging a practice known as backyard breeding. Worse still you could be encouraging puppy farming - and don't be fooled by the fact that the pups are in a family home, puppy farmers are smart these days and often use family homes as a front for their cruel trade. An example of that is a poster on here who only a couple of days ago bought a pup from the free ads, offered by a woman claiming to be rehoming due to an unfortunate change of circumstance.
Two days later that same seller was advertising yet another pup for sale due to unfortunate changes in circumstance. The poster told me that everything looked normal, the seller was very convincing... now we know that she's a nasty evil c* who is using her nice family home to cynically selling puppies for a profit, replacing one item of "stock" with another when she sells the first. And behind her is a puppy farmer, keeping dogs and bitches in appalling conditions and breeding bitches season after season until they drop dead or he throws them out as useless. Trust me. This is not an exaggeration.
These "home reared" pups, where sometimes "mum and dad can be seen", where the owner bred because "my little Susie dog's so pretty!" or "She's so good with my kids, I thought she'd make a great mum"... or to make a fast buck, which is a handy sideline, will not have been selected with all consideration taken into account of their genetics, both parents will not have been screened for all possible inherent disease and you could be buying a vet bill and heartache on legs. The sellers will not offer lifetime support nor will they take the dog back with a promise not to kill him at any time in their life should you not be able to keep him.
So who will do all the right things?
Well, for a start, the rescues that I work alongside.
Certainly there are bad ones, but I won't deal with them!
If you were to come to those I deal with you would expect first an introduction over the phone or email or perhaps to immediately be asked to fill in an application form and then have a more in-depth chat about you and what you're all about and what you want and expect from a dog.
A reputable rescue will want to meet you all - and want to check up that you're all on board with adopting a dog. It's no good just one party wanting one as when it comes to the "It's me or the dog!" argument most people are stupid and choose the spouse - and the poor dog ends up back in rescue.
They'll want to meet you in your home too, to get a feel for your family, meet the other pets, ensure that you live where you say you do and are allowed to keep a dog, that your fence has no holes in it, satisfy themselves that your toddler isn't allowed to abuse your existing dog, that they're not placing a Greyhound next to a cattery :o , see where pooch will sleep, talk about your lifestyle and which dog will fit in with that.
You may have been invited to meet some dogs prior to a homecheck but if not, then that's the next step of course. Rescue may let you take a wander or they may select one, two or more dogs which they feel would be suited to you and you to them. Don't be put off if they suggest a breed you'd never thought of or said you wouldn't consider - listen to them first, they know their dogs, they're saying it for a reason. Many rescues will want you to come back a few times to get to know your dog, to walk him and interact with him and build up some mutual friendship before letting him go home with you.
When all that is done, you may take your pal home. You will be taking with you a dog which has been assessed for his behaviour, temperament and suitability by experienced staff, who will have had some training whilst in rescue and a lot of human interaction, who is vet checked, fully vaccinated, neutered/spayed, flea and worm treated, microchipped and who comes with a contract promising you a lifetimes support and advice and an insistance that if ever you can't keep him, he must be returned to the safety of the rescue.
Now... I bet that's not what you had with the terrier you took on, is it?
It's sad for your son that he accidentally got bitten by your terrier but thankfully skin heals. It's sadder still for the terrier who, if you returned him to the pound, will almost certainly have been killed within a couple of days of you leaving him there. Unfortunately, until the public are far more aware of the difference between a pound and a rescue and until they know what constitutes a GOOD rescue this will continue to happen. :(
What to look out for? Well, all of the above... and don't be fooled by the names Battersea, Birmingham, Manchester or Cheshire "Dogs Home" or Wood Green "Animal Shelter".
They're all council pounds. Some better than others... at least Wood Green SOMETIMES homechecks. Not always, which is a bloody disgrace. Should you live near and approach them with a view to taking on a dog and they aren't going to homecheck, tell them that they must or go elsewhere to somewhere that does... it's for YOUR benefit as much as the dogs.
If you are still after a breeder's pup - though remember that rescue has plenty of pups too - then go through the BREED CLUB, not Kennel Club, for recommendations. KC registration means nothing, 90% of puppy farmed dogs are KC reg. Be prepared to wait, be prepared to pay top dollar and be prepared to be grilled to within an inch of your life by the breeder - if they don't, if they can't talk genetics until your eyes glaze over, if they won't take the dog back at any stage in his life, if they haven't ORIGINAL, CHECKABLE proof of both parents' health checks, if they breed more than one breed, if they breed from a bitch under 2 years or over 5, if you think for one moment that they are dodgy, if they breed the bitch from one season to the next, if they breed with a local stud dog without proof that it's in the interests of improving breed lines, if they advertise their pups anywhere... WALK AWAY.
And come talk to us nice rescue folk. :)