I am sure that phonics are useful. My DH did not learn phonics. In fact, he was so behind in English that when DD2 came home and talked about homophones, he said 'I remember Mrs x teaching me that.' It was his year 10 teacher.
I can't spell out a word to DH if I want to be discreet about something in front of the children. Why? Because unless he can 'see' the word, he doesn't know what it says. Even a simple word like 'banana'. He has to close his eyes and 'write' the letters in his mind. Then he 'reads' it.
We've realised that he learned to read by whole word recognition. He doesn't see the sounds in words. He simply recognises that when a word has a particular shape, it says x.
It impacts on his spelling. He has no building blocks to work with. He either remembers or he doesn't.
He likes the fantasy genre. When he comes across unfamiliar words, and there are many in fantasy, he has to ask me how it would be said. It is just a new shape, to him.
He finds it hard to see the rhyming pattern of some children's books, because he doesn't see the sound patterns and syllables.
It's massively harmed his self esteem.