One possible driver for this winter is the quasi biennial oscillation (direction of the stratospheric winds over the equator): it is in an unusually strong westerly phase which could be driving the current positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The NAO is usually measured by the pressure difference between Iceland and the Azores - basically, big pressure gradient is associated with strong jet, jet position over UK/N Europe and lots of storms tracking over the Atlantic, weak pressure gradient - the negative phase - is associated with a weak, meandering jet, blocking highs over Scandinavia and associated cold,dry weather over the UK/ N Europe, while the Atlantic depressions get deflected south into the Mediterranean.
Basically, Jan- March last year was a classic negative NAO, while this winter is a classic (albeit fairly extreme) positive NAO.
As for climate change - yes, it is real, yes, it is anthropogenic. But European weather is very complex, and overlaid with so much natural variability - the year-on-year NAO, the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation, etc., that it's very hard to attribute any individual event to climate change. However, there are likely to be more extremes in European weather - heat waves, for instance - as a result of climate change, and probably an increase in precipitation.