I think that generally there is little choice of options once the basics have been covered so I don't think that the options choices matter too much at GCSE other than e.g. taking a foreign language if they want to study languages, taking History if they want to do History A level. Art if they want to go to art college etc. The subjects you mention are more A-level, degree level subjects and in those disciplines the teachers are more keen that a student is able with numbers (for psychology and business studies), can write clear, coherent essays and can form arguments - skills developed in humanities such as RE, history, geography as well as in English lang/ lit. I can remember very little of the subject matter for my GCSEs but I use the skills I developed then in my work. The topic area to an extent is irrelevant below a certain level, it is the skills and aptitude and interest which matters. The interested student can persue their interest without the need to examine their knowledge at this stage. One of mine is interested in animals so reads stuff on animal cognition, won't be in a position to study it for many years yet so it is just a hobby. Another loves architecture so we plonk her in front of Grand designs and listen to her raving/ ranting about buildings she sees. There is no need for her to study architecture at the moment, a good grasp of maths and physics is more important. For philosophy for example get them reading Sophie's World, just for fun and interest rather than to sit an exam. If they are interested they can sit them at A level.
I think some of the GCSEs are aimed more at adult learners wanting to dip their toe into a topic rather than 14yr olds. I am sure that some schools do offer some of those topics if there is an interested teacher but the timetable wouldn't have space for every GCSE.
If your dc is interested in a specific career the do some research together on the internet or send them to the careers advisor to make sure that you aren't limiting any options but generally it is the core options which are most useful.